Sewer construction.



PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908.

AQJ'. GALVIN. WER CONSTRUCTION.

PPLICATQN` FILED AUG. 3, 19Q6.

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SEWER Specification ci llietteru :item13.

Patented March 24C, 1908.

Application filed August 3, 1906. Serial No, @$9,912.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknow'u that l, Aucune J. GALVIN, c citizen of the United. States, resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of hio, have invented e, new ond uce'lul .inv provemeot in. Sewer (flo struction, et Awhich the following is o. specillcction, the principle of the invention lacing herein explained. mid. thc best motie in which i lieve contemplated applying that principle, so to distinguish it from other inventions.

My invention relates to the construction of conduits for sewer or other purpoees, out reinforced concreteu l Such. invention relates ierticulerly to the construction ol" approxiirietely circular or arched conduits and mov be utilized with equal benefits, in. the we v of possibilities of rapid erection sind. ot' efficiency cud durability` when erected, in the building of arched structures of im r Sort Whatever.

Said invention consiste of ineens hereinctter fully ricsrfzrihod and specilicelly pointed out in the clcims.

The onificxerl drawing :incl the following deu scription sot forth io. detail certain means embodying the invention, euch cliccloseri` nico-ne consttf ting hut one ol various nice chemical forros in which the principle et' the invention ino/y lic 'ue/ed.. .lo scid annexed drawingr-rli`igurc 1 rcprecents rlicgmemcticclly in trzmever .i croesoctiou u vl'ori'n ol rei;itorccdroiicrete sewer or conduit construe@ i; Fig. 2 is e, Similar cross-section olf e conduit @instructed in oc comience with my invention, enti lf 3 ie zi perspective View of euch ,c conduit with at portion. broken. away.

The general tjylpe of conduit construction., :t speci'lic modilicctiou ci' which forros the subject metter of this present invention, it cl louhl he explained h :is liceo. already'. fri 'ced in. my pending application i'or U. S. Lettere .ioteiit on improvements in sewer confstrucm tion, lilerl lllorch VI 2, i900, Serial No. 305,466. there o" the principle ol construction followed in euch typo ol' conduit, what over the l'orm ol the letter, the ucc therein ol Scl'iirfitc niolrlml blocks.; designed to occupy spccilic 'positions in the completed structure :intl having embedded therein iu the process of making, the reinforcing materiel that it has liceo '.l'ouorl so desirable to ucc in com ncctio'n with concrete or like uizitcricle to reeist tension. strains. This reinforcing mete rial, which may he of any :u iproveil form, is

VVAati-cli;

gul rr :ie/Wer. .Ali ccufl uit or Sewer ot this form, es there pointed out, is iretcrehle Where thc dimensions crc but moderate, for it is both much easier to erect thon is the arch forni, the oi' arch centering coing done :Wray with, and proper toniping of the earth. about the Walls; is better incurcri. llhvioucly, how over, for conduits ol large size the rectangular lorrn. ie not so Well suited, inasmuch es c disproportionate amount hot-h of concrete andv reinforcing material is required, porticulcrly tor the upper transverse blocks.

To adapt the above described method of construction 'to the building of conduits of circuler or arched form requires. more thon simply molding the blocks differently, it involves in addition thereto the considere tion. of how heet to place the reinforcing uiziteriol, since the here, rode or other reinm Forcing' clenieu to cciiiiot extend. continuously around the arch if the letter.' is 'to be out up into liloclre. lt io to thc cfiilution. of thi@ problem that lieve directed. my attention in. devising 'the structure now to be describe( ll'herc the arch monolithic, Fig. l, or

although it io huilt up oi seperate the reinforcing iuenilierc ere continuous morose thc orch, being' embedded. between thc blocks or ineertcil in recesses or notches formed therein such cpeciilic purpose, such rcinliocing i'nemhero :ire designed. to pu, s tl'irough :ill thc regions ol" tension of the lor, whilethe conc-reto ic capable of withstzunling compression to :i high (legi-ee, ite tensile stress; is comparatively low. Now, oh'viouciy the exact location. of the tension. str-.line in the ugr/h, whether of c. conduit or other etructuremicgiemle in part upon `Such struc "ares riesige, euri in pet uiioii the ricturo oi thc lood to which it will he sulijeoted. in. the cftsc ol conrlui e, in particular, the cll'cct` of the lood. might vitry cohsitlereloli depending; upon. the (.lepth of Such conduit owl the clntrccter ci' the soil in. which it was luid' et in all it will .reneroll loe true that y l n 4 n the i, ic i; ol groot-est tension. iio'iziufilly exist tuin dispositions of the vloiinde-tions, there would be another region of tension in the in trai/,los nein' 'the springing; line end where the foundations were poor or absent altogether there might exist yet another such region, nuiuely iu the upper portion d of the invert. ln the monolithic Jforni ol construction n continuoil I reinforcing inoinber c would prefersbly'puss throuj-lh all these several regions thus noted es boing subjected to tensionsl strains. .liilerniodistely, cen t regions oi tension, :is c and d, c and l), in the srch ring Vthere will. be other neutral regions, and, in hiet, at thc points ay whore the soscslled equilibrium polygon crosses the iniddlc line oi" the srch. ring there will be no tension whatever, either in 'che intrados or extrzulos of thc fuch. Accordingly, et these purticulur points (L the usc of tension or reinliirciug nun'ihers can bc dispensed with :ind the arch structure rendered no less strong thun before; or, in other Words, at these points the arch ring` con be broken with irnpunity. 4

To curry out practically the conclusions just cnunciuted, each transverse section ci' my conduit would be ruedo up of i'our seperate blocks, Fig. 2, one l) forming' the invert, two (j. l), the respective side portions thereof, and the remaining one the crown. When the invert docs not require to he reinffnccd, as in the case ussuincd'and shown in the dro ing, it may be built .sito either oi conero tc or brick, the letter material, beingy preierrcd by sonic engineers of this portion oil the conduit. When rein.- f'orcod, howevcrfthis block, as also the three others, are designed to be inside in e. pient or factory removed from the scene oi construe tion ol the actuel conduit, and the ren orcs lng materiel clube( lded in such hloclis in the process o' their rushing. in thc cese of I u l the invert block tno disposi on ol' the reins lorcnig or tension incniber, es luis bi dicated would Je substuntiolly horizmneily across sind neer the upper surliece oi the sume, the ends olf the inornher being' i :ibly r( .erred in order 'to 'give u incre .se-- curo :inchorug'lg :is also, and even more piu'- ticulzu'lyg te l cilitii o the correct placing o" such ineinhcr in the coursfi 'the blocks. in the cose ol' l fr, and subst.: The ends ol these Wise recu' these prin ondury reini'orf 'visi ily onrplo' eo, subs* ,utiuiiv per olf 'the bloc'z which bec 'the cinnplete srch, in oidoL 't littorul pressure fi .embers c need not be so out.

how@ Ver, y oi edi o.-

for :it least V'the lining.

l l i l l l s. members c1. ln the upper block B that forins the crown of the srch, the reinforcing members e :1re disposed so as to lie in the intrsdos oi the srch. They lie, in fact, very nearly horizontal., the curve of. the arch at this point being slight; and their ends are recuryed for the purpose of more securely anchoring them. as in the case oi? the other blocks.v The character and number of such reinforcing'ineinbers e ci c?, ein )loycd in each oi the respective blocl s,{oi" W rich the oonduit is constructed, is ofcourse iininsteriol and should depend upon the particular conditions to be niet by such conduit structure. Thus, for the rods shown in the drawing, netf tingl or stumped nietal or other approved ineteriftl may be substituted, the disposition thereof beingl the more importent feature; So, also, two different forms oi vjoint are shouui, e sinooth radial joint in Fig. 2 and n. dove-tailed joint in Fig. Ordinarily the latter would be preferred. The niain point however, is that they should be located epproiriniately et the points where the equilibriuni polygon crosses the niiddle line of the srch ring.

By the ineens described l ein enabled to build tubular, or otherwise orched-conduits as readily es rectangular ones, and ut the sinne time conserve all the other advantages' inherent in the method of construction oi which such Ineens are an embodiment: Vlfhus greater cere can be exercised in mixing the concrete of which the conduit is ultimately to be constructed, and particularly in the placing oil" the reinforcing materiel than is possible under the trying conditions of 'lield work; :ind inspection oi the finished blocks in the manner in which other structural materiels ere tested can be substituted 'for the constant land, et the best, ineilectiye surv hence Workmen in the iieid. find, moreover, the completed structure poslocliri comprising the conv ision lines or joints betiyeen zul :unnoxiuurtely et the points in A where the equilibrium polygon iniddie line oi" such ring, seid termed sind disposed 'to' los blocks ,being'formed of concrete with tension member'sembedded therein.

. 3-.FAnarch structurefcomprisin the lcom- ".pbinetion of blocks formed land disposed to 5 bring the division lines-or joints betfween ,ade jacent blocks lfipproximfiteljr at the points in the archi where,A` the equilibrium polygon crosses the :middle line of such rinsaid blocks being -formed of concrete wit reinp 10 forcing members embedded thereinfin their several regions 4of tension.` 4. An 'arch' structure composed -ofen invert portion,"lateral ortions, and e. crown portion,y thedivision ines or joints between 715- such portions being located gipproximetely at the points Where the e uilibrium polygon crosses the middle line o the arch ring.

5. A concrete ercli structure composed of en invert portion, ateral ortions, and e 20 crown portion, saiportions eing' reinforced .formed of concrete en in their respective regions of tension7 and the division lines or joints between seid portions being located ep roximetely at the points Where the e nihgrim polygon crosses the vmiddleline o the arch ring. 2t

6, An arch structure composed of 'en invert portion, lateral ortions, and e crown,v

portion, the-division inesjxor joints between such portions being locited approximately et the pointswhere the equilibrium polygon gf;

, `ARCHIE J. GAL IN. Attested by-' A. W. ZETIGER, JNO. F. OBERLIN.

4Signedby me, this 14th dey of Jul l 1,906. i l 

